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Baahida sii kordheysa ee isgaarsiinta moobiilka ayaa keentay soo ifbaxa joogtada ah ee tignoolajiyada wireless-ka (G), kuwaas oo laga yaabo inay saameyn kala duwan ku yeeshaan hababka noolaha.Si loo tijaabiyo tan, waxaan soo bandhignay jiirka hal-madaxa ah ee soo-gaadhista 4G ee korriinka muddada dheer ee 4G (LTE) -1800 MHz electromagnetic field (EMF) ee saacadaha 2. Kadibna waxaanu qiimeynay saameynta daboolka lipopolysaccharide ee lipopolysaccharide ee micro-flaacid acid. iyo dhaqdhaqaaqa neuronal ee electrophysiological ee kiliyaha maqalka aasaasiga ah (ACx) . Celceliska SAR ee ACx waa 0.5 W/kg. Duubabka unugyada badan ayaa muujinaya in LTE-EMF ay kiciso hoos u dhigida xoojinta jawaabta dhawaaqyada saafiga ah iyo dhawaaqyada dabiiciga ah, halka kororka heerka dhawaaqa ee hooseeya iyo dhexdhexaadka dhexe ee aagga is-beddelka is-difaaca aan muujinayn isbeddellada microIgli Jiirka caafimaadka qaba, isla soo-gaadhistii LTE ma keenin isbeddel ku yimaada xoojinta jawaab-celinta iyo dhawaaqyada dhawaaqa. Xogtayadu waxay muujinaysaa in neerfayaasha ba'an ay dareensiiyaan neerfayaasha LTE-EMF, taas oo keentay isbeddelka habaynta kicinta acoustic ee ACx.
Deegaanka elektromagnetic-ga ee bini'aadamka ayaa si weyn isu bedelay soddonkii sano ee la soo dhaafay sababtoo ah balaadhinta joogtada ah ee isgaarsiinta wireless. Hadda, in ka badan saddex-meelood laba meel dadweynaha ayaa loo tixgeliyaa isticmaalayaasha telefoonka gacanta (MP) Faafinta baaxadda weyn ee tignoolajiyadan ayaa dhalisay walaac iyo dood ku saabsan saameynta khatarta ah ee meelaha elektromagnetic-ga ah ee garaaca (EMFs) ee ku jira raadiyaha dadweynaha (RF) ee kala duwanaanta iyo isgaadhsiinta MP. tiro ka mid ah daraasado tijaabo ah oo loogu talagalay in lagu baadho saamaynta nuugista shucaaca ee unugyada noolaha1. Qaar ka mid ah cilmi-baarisyadani waxay raadiyeen isbeddel ku yimaada dhaqdhaqaaqa shabakada neerfaha iyo hababka garashada, iyada oo la siiyay u dhawaanshaha maskaxda ee ilaha RF ee hoos yimaada isticmaalka baahsan ee MP. Daraasado badan oo la soo sheegay ayaa wax ka qabta saameynta calaamadaha is-beddelka garaaca wadnaha ee loo isticmaalo jiilka labaad (2G) habka isgaarsiinta caalamiga ah (2G) ee nidaamka isgaarsiinta caalamiga ah (WCDMA)/jiilka saddexaad ee nidaamka isgaadhsiinta mobilada caalamiga ah (WCDMA/3G UMTS)2,3,4,5.Wax yar ayaa laga og yahay saamaynta ay ku yeelan karaan calaamadaha soo noqnoqda raadiyaha ee loo isticmaalo adeegyada mobilada ee jiilka afraad (4G), kuwaas oo ku tiirsan tignoolajiyada borotokoolka internetka oo dhan dhijitaalka ah oo loo yaqaan Long Term Evolution (LTE) technology.Launshed in 2011 January 2022 (GSMA: //gsacom.com) .Marka la barbar dhigo nidaamyada GSM (2G) iyo WCDMA (3G) ee ku salaysan nidaamka hal-sidee modulation, LTE isticmaalaa Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) sida qaabka signal aasaasiga ah6. Adduunka oo dhan, LTE adeegyada mobile isticmaalaan tiro ka mid ah band soo noqnoqda ee u dhexeeya 4500 iyo 3 MHz0 bands sidoo kale loo isticmaalo GSM.
Awoodda soo-gaadhista RF si ay u saamayso hababka bayooloji waxaa inta badan lagu go'aamiyaa heerka nuugista gaarka ah (SAR) ee lagu muujiyay W/kg, kaas oo cabbira tamarta nuugista nudaha noolaha. Saamaynta 30-daqiiqo ba'an ee madaxa soo-gaadhista 2.573 GHz LTE calaamadaha dhaqdhaqaaqa shabakada neuronal ee caalamiga ah ayaa dhawaan lagu sahamiyay mutadawiciin bini'aadam ah oo caafimaad qaba. Isticmaalka fMRI ee nasashada ee fMRI, waxaa la arkay in hargabku uu gaabin karo. Isbeddellada isku xirnaanta gudaha ama gobollada, halka heerka ugu sarreeya ee SAR ee celceliska celcelis ahaan 10 g oo unug ah lagu qiyaasay inay ku kala duwan yihiin 0.42 iyo 1.52 W/kg, marka loo eego mawduucyada 7, 8, 9.EEG ee xaaladaha soo-gaadhista ee la midka ah (muddada 30 min, qiyaasta heerka ugu sarreeya ee SAR ee 1.34 W/kg) ayaa muujiyay hoos u dhac ku yimid qaabka awoodda bini'aadamka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, laba cilmi-baaris oo kale oo ku salaysan falanqaynta EEG ayaa lagu ogaaday in 20 ama 30 daqiiqo ee soo-gaadhista madaxa LTE, oo leh heerarka ugu sarreeya ee SAR ee degaanka ee lagu dejiyay agagaarka 2 W / kg, midkoodna ma laha wax saameyn ah oo la ogaan karo11 ama waxay keentay in awoodda muuqaalka ee alfa band ay hoos u dhacdo, iyada oo garashada aan isbeddelin shaqada lagu qiimeeyay baaritaanka Stroop natiijooyinka 12 ee natiijooyinka EEG ayaa sidoo kale lagu ogaaday natiijada 12. Si gaar ah u eegaya saamaynta GSM ama UMTS EMF. Waxa loo malaynayaa inay ka soo baxaan kala duwanaanshiyaha habka naqshadaynta iyo cabbirrada tijaabada, oo ay ku jiraan nooca calaamadda iyo habaynta, xoojinta soo-gaadhista iyo muddada, ama kala duwanaanshaha maadooyinka bini'aadamka marka loo eego da'da, anatomy, ama jinsiga.
Ilaa hadda, daraasado xayawaan ah oo yar ayaa loo isticmaalay si loo go'aamiyo sida soo-gaadhista calaamadaha LTE ay u saameeyaan shaqada maskaxda.Waxaa dhawaan la soo sheegay in soo-gaadhista nidaamka ee horumarinta jiirarka laga bilaabo marxaladda embriyaha dambe ilaa naaska laga gooyo (30 min / maalin, 5 maalmood / usbuuc, oo leh celceliska jirka oo dhan SAR ee 0.5 ama 1 W / kg) waxay keentay isbeddelka dhaqdhaqaaqa dhaqdhaqaaqa iyo habdhaqanka rabitaanka cuntada 6 maalin kasta. toddobaadyo) jiirka qaangaarka ah ayaa la ogaaday in ay kiciyaan cadaadiska oksaydhiyaha oo ay yareeyaan baaxadda awoodaha muuqaalka ah ee laga helay dareemayaasha aragga, iyadoo ugu badnaan SAR lagu qiyaasay inuu hooseeyo 10 mW/kg15.
Marka lagu daro falanqaynta miisaanno badan, oo ay ku jiraan heerarka gacanta iyo molecular, moodooyinka jiirka ayaa loo isticmaali karaa in lagu barto saameynta RF soo-gaadhista inta lagu jiro cudurka, iyada oo horay diiradda loo saaray GSM ama WCDMA / 3G UMTS EMF ee macnaha guud ee xanuunka neuroinflammation. Daraasaduhu waxay muujiyeen saamaynta qalalka, cudurada neurodegenerative ama gliomas 16,17,18,19,20.
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -jiirka la isku duray waa qaab caadi ah oo ka mid ah jawaabaha degdega ah ee neerfaha ee la xidhiidha cudurrada faafa ee aan fiicneyn ee ay keenaan fayrasyada ama bakteeriyada kuwaas oo saameeya inta badan dadweynaha sanad kasta. Jawaabta.Daawaynta jiirka ee LPS waxay kicisaa firfircoonida microglia oo lagu garto dib u habeynta qaabkooda iyo hababka gacanta iyo isbeddelada qoto dheer ee profile transcriptome, oo ay ku jiraan kor u qaadida hiddo-wadaha encoding pro-inflammatory cytokines ama enzymes, kuwaas oo saameeya shabakadaha neuronal Hawlaha 22, 23, 24.
Barashada saamaynta hal 2-saac oo madax ah oo soo-gaadhista GSM-1800 MHz EMF ee jiirka LPS-daaweeyay, waxaan ogaanay in calaamadaha GSM ay kiciyaan jawaabaha gacanta ee kiliyaha maskaxda, saameynaya muujinta hidda-wadaha, fosforyaalka receptor glutamate, neuronal Meta-evoked toring and morphology of microsebralts . waxay heshay isla soo-gaadhistii GSM-ka, taasoo soo jeedinaysa in LPS-kicinta neuroinflammatory state ay dareensiiso unugyada CNS si ay u calaamadiyaan GSM.Diirada saarista kiliyaha maqalka (ACx) ee jiirka LPS-daaweeyay, halkaas oo SAR maxalliga ah celcelis ahaan 1.55 W / kg, waxaan aragnay in soo-gaadhista GSM ay keentay kororka dhererka ama laanta hoos u dhaca hababka neuroglial Kicinta 28.
Daraasadda hadda jirta, waxaan ujeedadeedu tahay inaan baarno in soo-gaadhista madaxa-kaliya ee LTE-1800 MHz ay sidoo kale beddeli karto qaab-dhismeedka microglial morphology iyo dhaqdhaqaaqa neerfayaasha ee ACx, hoos u dhigista awoodda soo-gaadhista saddex-meelood laba meelood.
Marka la eego caddayn hore oo ah in soo-gaadhista GSM-1800 MHz ay beddeshay qaab-dhismeedka microglial morphology ee hoos yimaada xaaladaha caabuqa, waxaan baarnay saameyntan ka dib soo-gaadhista calaamadaha LTE.
Jiirka qaangaarka ah ayaa lagu duray LPS 24 saacadood ka hor inta aan la soo bandhigin shaambada madaxa-kaliya ama soo-gaadhista LTE-1800 MHz. Marka la soo bandhigo, jawaabaha LPS-kiciya neuroinflammatory ayaa lagu aasaasay kiliyaha maskaxda, sida lagu muujiyay kor u qaadida hiddo-wadaha proinflammatory iyo isbeddelada ku-meel-gaadhka ah ee microglia morphology (Jaantus 1) .Awoodda ay soo bandhigtay heerka SAR ee madaxa LTE0. ACx (Jaantuska 2) .Si loo go'aamiyo in microglia-firfircoon ee LPS ay ka jawaabayaan LTE EMF, waxaanu falanqeynay qaybaha kortikal ee leh anti-Iba1 kuwaas oo si xushmad leh u calaamadeeyay unugyadaas. Sida ku cad Jaantuska 3a, qaybaha ACx waxay go'an tahay 3 ilaa 4 saacadood ka dib shaam ama LTE soo-gaadhista, microglia waxay u muuqatay mid la mid ah-daawaynta LTE-ee la mid ah. (Jaantuska 1) . Iyadoo la raacayo maqnaanshaha jawaabaha morphological, falanqaynta sawirka tirada ayaa muujisay wax farqi weyn ah oo ku saabsan guud ahaan aagga (t-tijaabada aan la-qabin, p = 0.308) ama aagga (p = 0.196) iyo cufnaanta (p = 0.061) ee Iba1 immunoreactivity marka la barbar dhigo xayawaanka Ibats-ka-soo-baxa ah ee unugyada shaxan ee L. 3b-d).
Saamaynta duritaanka LPS ip on cortical microglia morphology. Aragtida wakiil ee microglia ee qaybta wadnaha ee kiliyaha maskaxda (gobolka dorsomedial) 24 saacadood ka dib cirbadeynta intraperitoneal ee LPS ama baabuur (control) . Unugyada waxaa lagu dhejiyay anti-Iba1 antibody sida hore loo sharaxay. ee hababka gacanta, taasoo keentay muuqaal "cufan u eg".
Falanqaynta qiyaasta qiyaasta qiyaasta nuugista gaarka ah (SAR) ee maskaxda jiirka inta lagu jiro soo-gaadhista 1800 MHz LTE.A hore loo sifeeyay moodeel kala duwan oo ah rat fantam rat iyo loop antenna62 ayaa loo adeegsaday si loo qiimeeyo SAR maxalliga ah ee maskaxda, oo leh 0.5 mm3 cubic grid. (b) Qaybinta qiyamka SAR ee maskaxda dadka qaangaarka ah ee 0.5 mm3 xallinta booska
LPS-ku duri microglia ee kiliyaha maqalka jiirka ee daba socda soo-gaadhista LTE ama Sham.(a) Maqaalka wakiil ka ah microglia oo leh anti-Iba1 antibody ee qaybaha wadnaha ee LPS-faray kiliyaha maqalka jiirka 3 ilaa 4 saacadood kadib soo-gaadhista Sham ama LTE sham (dhibcaha furan) ama soo-gaadhista LTE (bandhig, dhibco madow) (n = 6) xayawaanku ma ahayn kuwo muhiim ah (p> 0.05, t-test aan la isku dhejin) . Dusha sare iyo hoose ee sanduuqa, xariiqyada sare iyo hoose waxay matalaan boqolkiiba 25-75 iyo 5-95 boqolkiiba, siday u kala horreeyaan. Qiimaha celceliska ayaa lagu calaamadeeyay casaanka sanduuqa.
Shaxda 1 waxay soo koobaysaa tirooyinka xayawaanka iyo cajaladaha unugyo badan oo laga helay kiliyaha maqalka aasaasiga ah ee afar kooxood oo jiir ah (Sham, Exposed, Sham-LPS, Exposed-LPS) .Natiijooyinka hoose, waxaan ku darnaa dhammaan duubitaannada muujinaya goob muhiim ah oo ku meel gaar ah (STRF), ie, jawaabaha dhawaaqa leh ee ka sarreeya ugu yaraan 6 heerarka jaangooyooyinka 1) Codsiga shuruudahan, waxaanu dooranay 266 diiwaanka kooxda Sham, 273 diiwaanka kooxda la kashifay, 299 diiwaanka kooxda Sham-LPS, iyo 295 diiwaanka kooxda LPS.
Baaragaraafyada soo socda, waxaan marka hore ku qeexi doonaa xuduudaha laga soo saaro goobta soo dhaweynta ee ku-meel-gaadhka ah (taas oo ah, jawaabta tones saafiga ah) iyo jawaabta xenogeneic vocalizations gaar ah. Waxaanu markaa ku qeexi doonaa qiyaasta aagga jawaabta inta jeer ee la helay koox kasta. Iyadoo la tixgelinayo joogitaanka "xogta la daboolay" 30 ee naqshadeena tijaabada ah, oo dhan ayaa lagu sameeyay falanqaynta tirakoobka ee electrode-ka. safka shaxda 1), laakiin dhammaan saamaynta hoos lagu sharraxay waxay sidoo kale ku salaysan yihiin tirada boosaska koox kasta. Wadarta tirada duubista qaybaha badan ee la ururiyey ( safka saddexaad ee shaxda 1).
Jaantus 4a waxay muujinaysaa qaybinta soo noqnoqoshada ugu fiican (BF, soo saarista jawaabta ugu sareysa ee 75 dB SPL) ee neerfayaasha kortikal ee laga helay LPS-daaweeyay Sham iyo xayawaanka la soo bandhigay. Xaddiga soo noqnoqda ee BF ee labada kooxood ayaa laga kordhiyey 1 kHz ilaa 36 kHz. Falanqaynta tirakoobka ayaa muujisay in qaybintani ay isku mid yihiin (chi-square, p8) waxay soo jeedin karaan laba kooxood oo isku mid ah. eexashada muunad.
Saamaynta soo-gaadhista LTE ee xuduudaha la qiyaaso ee jawaabaha kortikal ee xayawaanka LPS-daaweeyay. (* p <0.05, t-tijaabada aan la isku dhejin) ee labada STRF (wadarta guud ee xoogga jawaab celinta) iyo soo noqnoqoshada ugu fiican (b,c) . Muddada jawaabta, bandwidth jawaab celinta, iyo bandwidth joogto ah (df) .Labada xoogga iyo isku halaynta ku-meel-gaadhka ah ee jawaabaha cod-bixinta ayaa la yareeyey (g, h) . (j,k) Saamaynta soo-gaadhista LTE-ga ee marinnada kortikal-ka
Jaantusyada 4b-f waxay muujinayaan qaybinta xuduudaha laga soo qaatay STRF ee xayawaankan (macnaha lagu tilmaamay khadadka cas) .Saamaynta soo-gaadhista LTE ee xayawaanka LPS-daaweeyay ayaa u muuqday inay muujinayaan hoos u dhac ku yimaada dareenka neerfaha. Marka hore, xoojinta jawaabta guud iyo jawaabaha ayaa si aad ah uga hooseeya BF marka la barbar dhigo xayawaanka Sham-LPS (Sawir = 4b, c unpaired, p7t.0; 0.0445) .Sidoo kale, jawaabaha dhawaaqa isgaadhsiinta ayaa hoos u dhacay labadaba xoogga jawaab-celinta iyo isku-kalsoonaanta isku-kalsoonida (Jaantus. 4g, h; t-tijaabada aan la isku dhejin, p = 0.043) . Dhaqdhaqaaqa degdega ah ayaa la yareeyey, laakiin saameyntani ma ahayn mid muhiim ah (Jaantus. 4i; p = 0.0745) jawaab celinta, ma saameynayso xawaaraha LTE ee xayawaanka LTE. (Jaantus. 4d-f), oo muujinaysa in xulashada soo noqnoqda iyo saxnaanta jawaabaha bilawga ah aanay saamayn LTE soo-gaadhista xoolaha la daweeyay LPS.
Marka xigta waxaan qiimeynay in marinnada kortikal ee saafiga ah ay wax ka beddeleen soo-gaadhista LTE. Laga soo bilaabo aagga jawaabta soo noqnoqda (FRA) ee laga helay duubis kasta, waxaan go'aaminnay marinnada maqalka ee soo noqnoqoshada kasta waxaanan isku celcelinnay marinnadan labada kooxood ee xayawaanka. Jaantuska 4j wuxuu muujinayaa celceliska (± sem) xadka laga soo bilaabo 1.1 ilaa 36-kHz ee raajooyinka xzdhs ee L.Comm. Kooxaha Sham iyo Soo Bandhigay waxay muujiyeen koror la taaban karo oo ku saabsan marinnada xayawaanka bannaanka ah marka la barbar dhigo xayawaanka Sham (Jaantus. 4j), saameyn aad u badan oo ku saabsan soo noqnoqoshada hoose iyo dhexe = 43.85; p <0.0001; Sawirka 4k, sawirka bidix). Saamaynta isku midka ah ayaa lagu arkay inta jeer ee dhexdhexaadka ah (2.25
Saamaynta soo-gaadhista LTE ee xuduudaha la qiyaaso ee jawaabaha kortikal ee xayawaanka caafimaadka qaba. iyo soo noqnoqoshada ugu fiican (b,c) .Waxaa jira koror yar oo ah muddada jawaabta (d), laakiin ma jiro isbeddel ku yimid xawaaraha jawaab-celinta iyo xajmiga (e, f) . Midkoodna xoogga iyo kalsoonida ku-meel-gaadhka ah ee jawaabaha cod-bixinta ayaa isbeddelay (g, h) . Celcelis ahaan, marinnada si weyn iskuma beddelin jiirka soo bandhigay LTE marka la barbar dhigo jiirka Sham soo bandhigay, laakiin xadka soo noqnoqda ee sarreeya ayaa wax yar ka hooseeyay xayawaanka bannaanka ah.
Jaantusyada 5b-f waxay muujinayaan sanduuqyo muujinaya qaybinta iyo celceliska (xariiqda cas) ee xuduudaha laga soo qaatay labada qaybood ee STRFs. Xayawaanka caafimaadka qaba, soo-gaadhista LTE lafteedu waxay saameyn yar ku yeelatay celceliska qiimaha STRF. = 0.2176, iyo p = 0.8696 siday u kala horreeyaan Isku halaynta dhex-tijaabada jawaabahaas (Jaantus. 5h, p = 0.3412), iyo hawlo kedis ah (Jaantus. 5) .5i; p = 0.3256).
Jaantuska 5j wuxuu muujinayaa heerka celceliska (± sem) laga bilaabo 1.1 ilaa 36 kHz ee jiirka caafimaadka qaba. Ma muujin farqi weyn oo u dhexeeya shaambada iyo jiirka bannaanka ah, marka laga reebo meel yar oo hoose ee xayawaanka bannaanka ah ee soo noqnoqoshada sare (11-36 kHz) (t-tijaabada aan la isku dhejin, p = 0.0083, xaqiiqda dhabta ah ee tani waxay muujinaysaa xaqiiqda dhabta ah). 18.312, p = 0.001; Jaantuska 5k), waxaa jiray wax yar oo neurons ah oo leh heerar hoose iyo dhexdhexaad ah (halka heerarka sare) neurons yar).
Gabagabadii, marka xayawaanka caafimaadka qaba ay la kulmaan LTE, ma jirin wax saameyn ah oo ku saabsan awoodda jawaabta ee dhawaaqyada saafiga ah iyo dhawaaqyada adag sida dhawaaqyada.Intaa waxaa dheer, xayawaanka caafimaadka qaba, marinnada maqalka ee kortikal waxay la mid yihiin inta u dhaxaysa xayawaanka la soo bandhigay iyo xayawaanka, halka LPS-la daaweeyay, soo-gaadhista LTE waxay keentay koror la taaban karo ee xuduudaha kortikal, gaar ahaan qiyaasta hoose iyo dhexe.
Daraasaddeenu waxay muujisay in jiirka ragga ah ee qaangaarka ah ee la kulma neuroinflammation ba'an, soo-gaadhista LTE-1800 MHz oo leh SARACx maxalli ah oo ah 0.5 W/kg (eeg Hababka) waxay keentay hoos u dhac weyn oo ku yimid xoojinta jawaabaha dhawaaqa dhawaaqa ee duubista asaasiga ah ee isgaadhsiinta. Isbeddelladan ku dhaca dhaqdhaqaaqa neerfaha ayaa dhacay iyada oo aan wax isbeddel ah oo muuqda lagu daboolin habka microglial ee habka LTE. xoojinta jawaabaha kortikal-ku-soo-baxa laguma arkin jiirka caafimaadka qaba. Iyadoo la tixgelinayo isku midka ah qaybinta ugu habboon ee u dhaxaysa qaybaha duubista ee LTE-soo bandhigay xayawaanka iyo xayawaanka shaambada ah, kala duwanaanshaha fal-celinta neuronal-ka ayaa loo aaneyn karaa saameynta noolaha ee calaamadaha LTE halkii laga qaadi lahaa eexda (Jaantus. 4a) . in, ay u badan tahay, in duubistan laga soo qaaday isla lakabyada kortikal, kuwaas oo ku yaal ACx-yada hoose halkii ay ka ahaan lahaayeen gobollada sare.
Si kastaba ha ahaatee, cilmi-baaristii hore waxay diiwaangelisay awoodda GSM-1800 MHz ama 1800 MHz mawjada joogtada ah (CW) si ay u beddesho dareenka neerfaha, inkasta oo kala duwanaansho muhiim ah ay ku xiran tahay habka tijaabada ah. Wax yar ka dib markii la soo bandhigay heerka 1800 SAR MHz ee heerka 8. Ganglia waxay muujisay hoos u dhac ku yimaadda marinnada kicinta awoodda waxqabadka iyo isbeddelka neerfaha. Dhanka kale, firfircoonida iyo qulqulka dhaqdhaqaaqa dhaqamada neerfaha ee ka soo jeeda maskaxda jiirka ayaa hoos u dhigtay soo-gaadhista GSM-1800 MHz ama 1800 MHz CW 15 daqiiqo ee SAR ee 4.6 W/kg. Neurons-ka ayaa lagu gaaray SAR ee 9.2 W/kg. Falanqaynta jawaabta qiyaasta waxay muujisay in GSM-1800 MHz uu ka waxtar badan yahay 1800 MHz CW si loo xakameeyo dhaqdhaqaaqa dillaaca, taas oo soo jeedinaysa in jawaabaha neuronal ay ku xiran yihiin isbeddelka calaamadaha RF.
Goobtayada, jawaabaha kortikalku waxay soo ururiyeen vivo 3 ilaa 6 saacadood ka dib markii 2-saac ee madax-kaliya soo-gaadhista ay dhammaatay. Daraasad hore, waxaan baarnay saameynta GSM-1800 MHz ee SARACx ee 1.55 W / kg oo aan helin wax saameyn ah oo ku saabsan jawaabaha kortikal ee dhawaaqa-ka-soo-baxa ee jiirka caafimaadka qaba. 0.5 W/kg SARACx waxay ahayd wax yar oo korodhay muddada jawaabta marka la soo bandhigo tones saafi ah. Saamayntani way adag tahay in la sharaxo sababtoo ah kuma jirto kordhinta xoojinta jawaabta, taas oo soo jeedinaysa in muddadan jawaabta dheer ay ku dhacdo isla tirada guud ee suurtogalka ah ee ay ku kiciso neurons. waxay xakamaysaa muddada jawaabaha unugga Ahraamta ee ay kicisay gelinta thalamic ee kacsan33,34, 35, 36, 37.
Taas bedelkeeda, jiirarka lagu soo rogay LPS-kicinta neuroinflammation, soo-gaadhista LTE wax saameyn ah kuma yeelan muddada dhawaaqa-dhawaaqa ee neerfayaasha, laakiin saameyn weyn ayaa lagu ogaaday xoogga jawaabaha la kiciyay. dhawaaqyada saafiga ah iyo dhawaaqyada dabiiciga ah
Hoos u dhigista xoogga jawaab celinta ayaa muujisay in saameynta LTE ee calaamadaynta SARACx ee 0.5 W / kg ee xayawaanka LPS-daaweeyay waxay la mid tahay GSM-1800 MHz oo lagu dabaqay saddex jeer ka sarreeya SARACx (1.55 W / kg) 28. LPS-kicin neuroinflammation.Iyadoo la raacayo mala-awaalkan, waxaanu sidoo kale aragnay isbeddel ku wajahan hoos u dhaca isku hallaynta tijaabada ah ee jawaabaha neuronal ee dhawaaqa (Jaantus. 4h) iyo hoos u dhac ku yimaada dhaqdhaqaaqa iskood u dhaca (Jaantus. 4i) Si kastaba ha ahaatee, way adagtahay in la go'aamiyo in vivo in calaamadda LTE ay yarayso dareenka dareen-celinta dareen-celinta ama waxay yaraynaysaa jawaab-celinta dareen-celinta ee AC.
Marka hore, jawaabahaas daciifka ah waxaa laga yaabaa inay sabab u tahay dareenka hoos u dhaca unugyada kortikal ka dib soo-gaadhista LTE 1800 MHz. Taageerida fikraddan, GSM-1800 MHz iyo 1800 MHz-CW waxay hoos u dhigtay dhaqdhaqaaqa dillaaca marka si toos ah loogu dabaqo dhaqamada asaasiga ah ee qanjidhada jiirka ee leh heerarka SAR ee 3.24, W/kg iyo W/kg heerka heerka SAR ayaa loo baahnaa si uu si weyn u yareeyo dhaqdhaqaaqa dilaaca. U doodista hoos u dhigida xamaasadda gudaha, waxaanu sidoo kale aragnay heerar hoose oo rasaas iskeed ah ee xoolaha qaawan marka loo eego xayawaanka qaawan.
Marka labaad, soo-gaadhista LTE waxay sidoo kale saameyn kartaa gudbinta synaptik ee thalamo-kortical ama cortical-cortical synapses. Diiwaano badan ayaa hadda muujinaya in, kiliyaha maqalka, ballaca tuning spectral aan kaliya lagu go'aamin saadaasha afferent thalamic, laakiin in isku xirka intracortical uu keeno fikrado dheeraad ah oo muuqaal ah oo ku saabsan goobaha kortikaalka39, ST ee muujinta xajmiga xajmiga. iyo xayawaanka shaamboogu si aan toos ahayn u soo jeediyay in saamaynta soo-gaadhista LTE aanay saamayn ku yeelan isku xidhka kortikal-kortikal.Tani waxay sidoo kale soo jeedinaysaa in isku xidhka sare ee gobollada kale ee kortikaalka ah ee lagu soo bandhigay SAR marka loo eego ACx (Jaantus. 2) laga yaabo inaanay masuul ka ahayn jawaabaha la beddelay ee halkan lagu soo sheegay.
Halkan, qayb weyn oo ka mid ah duubista kortikal ee LPS ayaa muujisay heerar sare marka loo eego LPS-sham-xayawaanka soo bandhigay xayawaanka.Marka la eego in la soo jeediyay in marinka dhawaaqa kortikalku uu ugu horrayn kantaroolo xoogga thalamo-kortical synapse39,40, waxaa laga yaabaa in la tuhunsan yahay in thalamo-kortical la sii daayo, ama qayb ahaan la sii daayo heerka postsynaptic (lambarka reseptor-ka oo la dhimay ama qaranimada).
Si la mid ah saameynta GSM-1800 MHz, jawaabaha LTE-ku-beddelka ah ee isbeddelka neuronal-ka ayaa ka dhacay macnaha LPS-kiciya neuroinflammation, oo lagu garto jawaabaha microglial. Caddaynta hadda waxay soo jeedinaysaa in microglia ay si xoog leh u saameynayso dhaqdhaqaaqa shabakadaha neuronal ee caadiga ah iyo maskaxda maskaxda41,42,43. Awoodda wax-soo-saarka neurotransmission waxay ku xiran tahay oo kaliya in ay xaddidaan wax-soo-saarka neerfayaasha. neurotransmission, laakiin sidoo kale on dhaqdhaqaaqa sare ee hababka gacanta ay.In kiliyaha cerebral, labadaba dhaqdhaqaaqa kordhay iyo hoos u dhac ee shabakadaha neuronal waxay kiciyaan ballaarinta degdegga ah ee domain spatial microglial sababtoo ah koritaanka hababka microglial wax soo saarka adenosine.
Jiirka LPS-daaweeyay ee loo gudbiyay GSM-1800 MHz oo leh SARACx at 1.55 W/kg, hoos u dhaca dhaqdhaqaaqa ACx neurons ayaa ku dhacay kobaca hababka microglial-ka ee lagu calaamadeeyay meelaha muhiimka ah ee Iba1 ee ACx28 Kordhinta jawaabaha.Daraasaddayada hadda waxay ku doodaysaa fikraddan marka la eego macnaha guud ee LTE madaxa soo-gaadhista iyadoo SARACx ay ku xaddidan tahay 0.5 W / kg, maadaama aan helin wax koror ah oo ku saabsan domainka bannaan ee lagu daboolay hababka microglial. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, tani kama saari doonto wax saameyn ah oo LTE ah oo ku saabsan LPS-firfircoonaanta microglia, taas oo laga yaabo inay saameyn ku yeelato dhaqdhaqaaqa neuronal. jawaabaha neuronal ee calaamadaha LTE.
Aqoonteena, saameynta calaamadaha LTE ee habka maqalka looma baran ka hor. Daraasadaheena hore ee 26,28 iyo daraasadda hadda jirta waxay muujisay in goobta caabuqa ba'an, soo-gaadhista madaxa oo kali ah GSM-1800 MHz ama LTE-1800 MHz waxay keentay isbeddel shaqeynaya ee jawaabaha neuronal ee ACx, sida lagu muujiyay kororka maqalka ee ugu yaraan laba sababood oo aan saameyn ku yeelanin shaqadayada ugu yaraan. Marka hore, sida ku cad daraasadda qiyaasta qiyaasta 2, heerarka ugu sarreeya ee SAR (kudhowaad 1 W/kg) waxay ku yaalaan kortex dorsomedial (ka hooseeya anteenada), waxayna si weyn hoos ugu dhacaan marka mid ka mid ah uu u dhaqaaqo dhinaca dambe iyo gadaalba. Qaybta ventral ee madaxa. Waxaa lagu qiyaasi karaa in ay ku dhowdahay 0.1 W/kg ee dhegta hoose ee heerka pinna. Kanal) .Labaad, markii dhegaha doofaarka ee guinea ay soo shaac baxeen 2 bilood GSM 900 MHz (5 maalmood/toddobaadkii, 1 saac/maalintii, SAR inta u dhaxaysa 1 iyo 4 W/kg), ma jiraan wax isbeddello ah oo la ogaan karo oo ku saabsan xajmiga alaabta qallooca ee otoacoustic Thresholds for Emission and Auditory Brainstem Responses0 Responses. 1800 MHz at SAR maxaliga ah ee 2 W/kg ma aysan saameynin shaqada unugyada timaha dibadda ee cochlear ee jiirka caafimaadka qaba .
Daraasadayada, LTE-kicinta isbeddelka toogashada neerfaha ayaa lagu arkay vivo 3 ilaa 6 saacadood ka dib markii la soo bandhigay. Daraasad hore oo ku saabsan qaybta dorsomedial ee kiliyaha, saameyno dhowr ah oo ay keentay GSM-1800 MHz ayaa lagu arkay saacadaha 24 ka dib markii la ogaaday in aan la ogaan karin saacadaha 72 ka dib markii la soo bandhigay. AMPA reseptors.Iyadoo la tixgelinayo in kiliyaha maqalku uu leeyahay qiime hoose oo SAR ah (0.5W/kg) marka loo eego gobolka dorsomedial (2.94W/kg26), isbeddellada dhaqdhaqaaqa neerfaha ee halkan lagu soo sheegay waxay u muuqdaan kuwo ku-meel-gaar ah.
Xogtayadu waa inay tixgelisaa u-qalmitaanka SAR-ka iyo qiyaasaha qiyamka SAR ee dhabta ah ee lagu gaarey kiliyaha maskaxda ee isticmaalayaasha taleefoonnada gacanta. Heerarka hadda la isticmaalo si loo ilaaliyo dadweynaha waxay dejiyaan xadka SAR ilaa 2 W/kg madaxa gudaha ama qulqulka soo-gaadhista raadiyaha ee 100 kHz iyo 6 GHz RF.
Qiyaasta qiyaasaha ayaa la sameeyay iyadoo la adeegsanayo noocyo kala duwan oo madaxa aadanaha si loo go'aamiyo nuugista awoodda RF ee unugyada kala duwan ee madaxa inta lagu jiro madaxa guud ama isgaarsiinta taleefanka gacanta. Marka lagu daro kala duwanaanshaha moodooyinka madaxa bini'aadamka, jilitaankani waxay muujinayaan kala duwanaansho weyn ama hubanti la'aan xagga qiyaasta tamarta ay nuugo maskaxda oo ku saleysan cabbirada anatomical ama taariikhiga ah sida qaabka dibadda ama gudaha qaabka madaxa, dhererka, kala duwanaanta unugyada, kala duwanaanta jinsiga Shakhsi ahaan 56,57,58. Intaa waxaa dheer, sifooyinka telefoonka gacanta, sida goobta gudaha ee anteenada iyo booska telefoonka gacanta ee qaraabo madaxa user ee, si xoog leh u saameeya heerka iyo qaybinta SAR qiyamka ee kortex maskaxda59,60. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, iyadoo la tixgelinayo qaybinta SAR ee la sheegay in kiliyaha maskaxda ee bini'aadamka, kuwaas oo la aasaasay ka radio5 model 8. 59, 60, waxay u muuqataa in heerarka SAR ee lagu gaadhay kiliyaha maqalka ee bini'aadamka ay weli hoos u dhacaan kala badh kiliyaha maskaxda ee bini'aadamka. Daraasaddeena (SARACx 0.5 W / kg)
Gebogebadii, daraasaddeenu waxay muujinaysaa in hal madax-kaliya soo-gaadhista LTE-1800 MHz ay farageliso jawaabaha neuronal ee neurons-ka-dareen-celinta dareenka dareenka. habaynta kortikal ee kicinta maqalka.
Xogta ayaa laga soo ururiyay 55 maalmood oo ka soo jeeda kiliyaha maskaxda ee 31 qaangaarka ragga ee Wistar ee laga helay shaybaarka Janvier. Jiirka ayaa lagu hayaa qoyaan (50-55%) iyo heerkulka (22-24 ° C) xarun kontarool oo leh iftiin / wareeg mugdi ah oo ah 12 h / 12 h (nalalka on 7: 30 subaxnimo) Tilmaamaha ay dejiyeen Golaha Tilmaamaha Bulshooyinka Yurub (2010/63 / EU Council Directive), kuwaas oo la mid ah kuwa lagu sharraxay Society for Neuroscience Guidelines for Use of Animals in Neuroscience Research.Brotocol-kaan waxaa ansixiyay Guddiga Anshaxa ee Paris-Sud iyo Xarunta (CEEA N ° 59, Project 2014-292) iyadoo la adeegsanayo habka Qaranka ee Protocol. guddigan 32-2011 iyo 34-2012.
Xayawaanka waxaa lagu caadeystey qolalka gumeysiga ugu yaraan 1 usbuuc ka hor daawaynta LPS iyo soo-gaadhista (ama soo-gaadhista sham) LTE-EMF.
Laba iyo labaatan jiir ayaa lagu duray intraperitoneal (ip) E. coli LPS (250 µg/kg, serotype 0127: B8, SIGMA) oo lagu qasi jiray saline isotonic-free endotoxin nadiif ah 24 saacadood ka hor LTE ama shaambada (n koox kasta). =11) codaynta NOX2 enzyme iyo interleukin 1ß, siday u kala horreeyaan.Xilligan 24-h, microglia cortical wuxuu soo bandhigay qaab-dhismeedka unugyada caadiga ah ee "cufan" ee laga filayo LPS-kicin firfircoonida pro-bararka unugyada (Jaantus 1), taas oo ka soo horjeeda kicinta LPS-kicin ee kuwa kale. Firfircoonida ka-hortagga-bararka gacanta waxay u dhigantaa 24, 61.
Soo-gaadhista madaxa-kaliya ee LTE EMF ayaa la sameeyay iyadoo la adeegsanayo habka tijaabada ah ee horay loo isticmaalay si loo qiimeeyo saameynta GSM EMF26.LTE soo-gaadhista ayaa la sameeyay 24 saacadood ka dib markii la duray LPS (11 xayawaan) ama aan daweyn LPS ah (5 xayawaan) .Xayawaanku si fudud ayaa loo suuxiyay ketamine / xylazine (ketamine 80 mg / kg, ip; 0) si looga hortago soo-gaadhista kahor iyo xylazine. Madaxa xayawaanku wuxuu ku jiray anteenada loop-ka oo sii deynaysa calaamadda LTE meel dib loo soo celin karo ns) .Dhammaan xayawaanka la suuxiyay ayaa lagu dhejiyay suuf kuleyl ah oo bilaash ah si ay u ilaaliyaan heerkulka jirkooda agagaarka 37 ° C inta lagu guda jiro tijaabada. Sida tijaabooyinkii hore, wakhtiga soo-gaadhista ayaa loo dejiyay saacadaha 2. Ka dib marka la soo bandhigo, ku rid xayawaanka kuleyliyaha kale ee qolka qalliinka. Habka soo-gaadhista ee isku midka ah ayaa lagu dabaqay 10 jiir caafimaad qaba (aan la daweyn LPS), kala badh ka mid ah sham-.6) .
Nidaamka soo-gaadhista wuxuu la mid ahaa nidaamyada 25, 62 ee lagu tilmaamay daraasadihii hore, iyadoo koronto-dhaliyaha raadiyaha lagu beddelay si uu u dhaliyo LTE halkii GSM-ga elektromagnetic-ka. Mini-Circuits, USA), wareegtada (D3 1719-N, Sodhy, France), laba-geesood lammaane (CD D 1824-2, - 30 dB, Sodhy, France) iyo awood afar geesood ah (DC D 0922-4N, Sodhy, France), jidaynayey koronto isku mar ah 2,4 N. in lammaane laba jiho loo ogol yahay cabbirka joogto ah iyo la socodka dhacdada iyo ka tarjumaysa awoodda gudaha qalab. Wax soo saarka kasta waxaa lagu xidhay antenna loop ah (Sama-Sistemi srl; Roma), awood gaadhista qayb ka mid ah madaxa xayawaanka ee. The loop antenna ka kooban yahay wareegga daabacan oo leh laba khadadka bir ah (dielectric joogto ah εr = 4.6) mm xardhay on qalab ah insulating ah epotxy dhamaadka mid ka mid ah Epotxy ah. samaynta giraan la dhigo meel u dhow madaxa xayawaanka.Sida daraasadihii hore26,62, heerka nuugista gaarka ah (SAR) waxaa lagu go'aamiyay tiro ahaan iyadoo la isticmaalayo qaabka jiirka tirooyinka iyo habka wakhtiga farqiga u xaddidan (FDTD) C ΔT / Δt, halkaas oo C ay tahay awoodda kulaylka ee J / (kg K), ΔT, ee ° K iyo Δt heerkulka isbeddelka, waqtiga ee seconds
Jaantuska 2a wuxuu muujinayaa qaybinta SAR ee maskaxda jiirka ee qaabka jiirka, kaas oo u dhigma qaybinta marka loo eego miisaanka jidhka iyo cabbirka jiirka loo isticmaalo daraasaddeena.Brain macnaheedu waa SAR wuxuu ahaa 0.37 ± 0.23 W / kg (macnaha ± SD) Qiimaha SAR ayaa ugu sarreeya aagga kortikal wax yar ka hooseeya anteenada loop. SAR AC.0.0 ± 8. W/kg (macnaha ± SD) (Sawir 2b) .Maadaama miisaanka jidhka ee jiirarka la soo bandhigay ay isku mid yihiin oo kala duwanaanshiyaha dhumucda unugyada madaxa ay yihiin kuwo aan fiicneyn, SAR-ga dhabta ah ee ACx ama meelaha kale ee kortikaalka ah ayaa la filayaa in ay aad ugu eg yihiin inta u dhaxaysa hal xayawaan ah iyo mid kale.
Dhammaadka soo-gaadhista, xayawaanka waxaa lagu kabay qiyaaso dheeraad ah oo ketamine ah (20 mg / kg, ip) iyo xylazine (4 mg / kg, ip) ilaa aan la arkin dhaqdhaqaaqyo falcelin ah ka dib markii la dhajiyay dhabarka dhabarka. Suuxinta maxaliga ah (Xylocain 2%) ayaa lagu duray maqaarka hoose ee maqaarka iyo ku meel-gaadhka ah ee ku-meel-gaadhka ah, habka xayawaanka ee kuleyliyaha birta ee ka sarreeya lafdhabarta. xayawaanka ku jira qaabka stereotaxic, craniotomy ayaa lagu sameeyay kortexka bidix ee ku-meel-gaarka ah.Sida daraasaddeenii hore66, laga bilaabo isgoyska lafaha parietal iyo lafaha ku-meel-gaarka ah, furitaanka wuxuu ahaa 9 mm ballaaran iyo 5 mm sare. Duurka ka sarreeya ACx ayaa si taxadar leh looga saaray xakamaynta binocular iyada oo aan waxyeello u geysan xididdada dhiigga. hagaajinta madaxa neefka inta lagu jiro duubista. Geli qaabka stereotaxic ee taageeraya xayawaanka qolka acoustic attenuation (IAC, model AC1).
Xogta ayaa laga helay cajalado badan oo unugyo ah oo ku yaala kiliyaha maqalka aasaasiga ah ee 20, oo ay ku jiraan 10 xayawaan ah oo lagu sii daayay LPS. duubista ka baxsan ayaa laga helay 16 tungsten electrodes (TDT, ø: 33 µm, <1 MΩ) oo ka kooban laba saf oo ah 8 electrodes oo u dhexeeya 100mµm. Silig qalin ah (ø: 300 µm) si dhulka loo dhigo ayaa la geliyey inta u dhaxaysa lafta ku meel gaadhka ah iyo durdurrada iska soo horjeeda. Meesha lagu qiyaaso ee ACx aasaasiga ahi waa 4-7 mm xagga dambe ee bregma iyo 3 mm ventral to suture supratemporal (RX5, TDT) .Calaamadaha laga soo ururiyay electrode kasta ayaa la sifeeyay (610-10,000 Hz) si loo soo saaro hawlo badan oo unug ah (MUA) . Heerarka kicinta ayaa si taxadar leh loo dhigay electrode kasta (by coauthors indho la'aan si ay u soo bandhigaan ama sham-soo bandhigay dawladaha) si ay u doortaan waxqabadka ugu weyn ee suurtogalka ah ee ka signal. by 3 ilaa 6 neurons u dhow electrodes. Bilowga tijaabo kasta, waxaan dejinaynaa booska ee array electrode si laba saf oo siddeed electrodes ay muunad karaan neurons, ka hooseeya ilaa heerka sare jawaabaha soo noqnoqda marka lagu sameeyo hanuuninta rostral ah.
Kicinta Acoustic ayaa laga soo saaray Matlab, waxaana loo gudbiyay nidaamka gudbinta codka ku salaysan ee RP2.1 (TDT) waxaana loo diray codbaahiyaha Fostex (FE87E) . Qalabaynta waxaa lagu sameeyay iyadoo la adeegsanayo dhawaaqyo iyo dhawaaqyo saafi ah oo lagu duubay makarafoonka Bruel iyo Kjaer 4133 oo lagu daray preamplifier B&K 2169 iyo duubaha dhijitaalka ah Marantz PMD671. Goobta Spectral Time Reception (STRF) waxaa lagu go'aamiyay iyadoo la adeegsanayo 97 gamma-tone frequencies, oo daboolaya 8 (0.14-36 kHz at Random SPL) 4,15 Hz
Jawaabaha kicinta dabiiciga ah ayaa sidoo kale la qiimeeyay. Daraasadihii hore, waxaan ku aragnay in dhawaaqyada jiirarka ay dhif tahay inay jawaabo xooggan ka bixiyaan ACx, iyadoon loo eegin inta jeer ee neuronal optimal (BF), halka xenograft-gaar ah (tusaale, heesaha heesaha ama codka doofaarka guinea) sida caadiga ah dhammaan khariidadda codka. foorida loo adeegsaday 36 waxa lagu xidhay 1 s oo kicin ah, oo la soo bandhigay 25 jeer).
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